Blitzkrieg Essay -- essays research papers

BLITZKRIEG (LIGHTNING WAR) In the first phase of World War II in Europe, Germany sought to avoid a long war. Germany's strategy was to defeat its opponents in a series of short campaigns. Germany quickly overran much of Europe and was victorious for more than two years by relying on a new military tactic called the "Blitzkrieg" (lightning war). Blitzkrieg tactics required the concentration of offensive weapons (such as tanks, planes, and artillery) along a narrow front. These forces would drive a breach in enemy defenses, permitting armored tank divisions to penetrate rapidly and roam freely behind enemy lines, causing shock and disorganization among the enemy defenses. German air power prevented the enemy from adequately resupplying or redeploying forces and thereby from sending reinforcements to seal breaches in the front. German forces could in turn encircle opposing troops and force surrender. Germany successfully used the Blitzkrieg tactic against Poland (attacked in September 1939), Denmar k (April 1940), Norway (April 1940), Belgium (May 1940), the Netherlands (May 1940), Luxembourg (May 1940), France (May 1940), Yugoslavia (April 1941), and Greece (April 1941). Germany did not defeat Great Britain, which was protected from German ground attack by the English Channel and the Royal Navy. Despite the continuing war with Great Britain, German forces invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. At first, the German Blitzkrieg seemed to succeed. Soviet forces were driven back more than 600 miles to the gates of Moscow, with staggering losses. In December 1941, Hitler unilaterally declared war on the United States, which consequently added its tremendous economic and military power to the coalition arrayed against him. A second German offensive against the Soviet Union in 1942 brought German forces in the east to the shores of the Volga River and the city of Stalingrad. However, the Soviet Union launched a counteroffensive in November 1942, trapping and destroying an entire German army at Stalingrad. Germany proved u... ...Germany). Despite the birth of the United Nations, the world remained politically unstable and only slowly recovered from the incalculable physical and moral devastation wrought by the largest and most costly war in history. Soldiers and civilians both had suffered in bombings that had wiped out entire cities. Modern methods of warfare–together with the attempt of Germany to exterminate entire religious and ethnic groups (particularly the Jews)–famines, and epidemics, had brought death to tens of millions and made as many more homeless. The suffering and degradation of the war's victims were of proportions that passed the understanding of those who had been spared. The conventions of warfare had been violated on a large scale (see war crimes), and warfare itself was revolutionized by the development and use of nuclear weapons. Political consequences included the reduction of Britain and France to powers of lesser rank, the emergence of the Common Market (see European Economic Community; European Union), the independence of many former colonies in Asia and Africa, and, perhaps most important, the beginning of the cold war between the Western powers and the Communist-bloc nations.

Pride and Prejudice & The Merchant of Venice Essay

Shakespeare and Jane Austen both present strong feeling of love, revenge, hatred and friendship. They are two different types of stories, ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is a novel and ‘The Merchant of Venice’ is a play so therefore they both have different ways of presenting strong feelings but they do have some similarities. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ strong feelings are presented by: 1. The Narrator 2. Letters 3. Dialogue Whereas in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ strong feelings are presented by: 1. The characters 2. Long Speech’s One way that Jane Austen presents strong feelings is through letters. Throughout the play Jane Austen presents strong feelings of love, hatred or sorrow by writing letters, for example when Darcy writes a letter to Elizabeth after their heated conversation when Elizabeth rejects Darcy’s proposal, you can see what Darcy is feeling:- â€Å"Pardon me, It pains me to offend you† You can clearly see that Mr Darcy thinks that this letter would upset Elizabeth because he says in the letter that he is so against the relationship between the relationship and possible marriage between Jane and Mr Bingley. In ‘The Merchant of Venice’ Shakespeare present strong feelings through long speeches as â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† is a play, so the audience can see the strong feelings:- â€Å"’The pound of flesh which I demand of him is dearly bought; ‘tis mine, and I will have it† pg. 70. This is when Shylock demands his pound of flesh of Bassanio. This long speech is when the Duke is questioning Shylocks unusual bond. Shylock the Jew is determined to take revenge and to take the pound of flesh. The ‘Merchant of Venice’ is a play, so you cannot see feelings through letters; this is why Shakespeare presents strong feelings through speeches. Another way that Jane Austen’s novel and Shakespeare’s play are similar is that both stories have many relationships. Elizabeth and her sister Jane are very close and share secrets:- ‘†When Elizabeth and Jane where alone†¦ expressed to her sister how very much she admired him†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ or pg. 309 Elizabeth has 4 sisters, Lydia, Kitty, Mary and Jane. Elizabeth and Jane are very close as they are similar in age, whereas the other sisters and much younger and Elizabeth thinks they are very immature. In ‘The Merchant Of Venice’ Antonio and Bassanio have a very close friendship you may even say that they are like brothers. Antonio agrees to the bond so he can lend money to Bassanio so he can go to Portia. You can see that they are very close as Antonio is willing to give his life for Bassanio. When Antonio is in the court and about to die, Bassanio is right by his side. ’I’ll seal to such a bond’† ’† You shall not seal to such a bond for me’† (Bassanio) Even though Bassanio wants to stop Antonio from agreeing the bond, Antonio is determined to seal the bond as he thinks his ships will be back within 3 months, but unfortunately they crash out at sea and all his money is lost. As well as strong friendships Jane Austen and Shakespeare also involve many relationships to sh ow strong feelings of love. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ Mr Darcy and Elizabeth have a strong relationship. Similarly, in ‘The Merchant of Venice’ Jessica and Lancelot also have a strong relationship. In both stories they will do anything for love, even if it means betraying their religion or their social class. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ Mr Darcy thinks that having money and having social class is very important, so when he falls in love with Elizabeth; who hasn’t got much money and who hasn’t got social class and standing Mr Darcy feels ashamed that he loves Elizabeth but he still proposes to her even though all his friends think that this is wrong:- â€Å"’In vain I have struggled. It will not do†¦You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you’† pg. 56 In ‘The Merchant of Venice’ Jessica and Lancelot betray their religion. Jessica is a Jew and Lancelot is a Christian and even though they are not supposed to mix they still elope and get married:- â€Å"’Bestrew me but I love her heartily’† pg. 35 This makes Shylock, Jessica’s dad very angry because when Jessica marries L ancelot she becomes a Christian. Another way that Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘The Merchant of Venice’ is through strong characters. In both stories there are many characters, but the two main characters are Elizabeth and Shylock. They are both very strong minded and not afraid to speech their mind. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ Elizabeth is very different to other characters in the novel. Female characters in the novel believe that looking good, behaving well and keeping their feelings to themselves is very important, Elizabeth isn’t bothered about speaking out or not looking well, for example when Elizabeth walks to see her sister Jane in the Bingleys house, Bingleys sister and friend are very surprised that she walked all this way in the mud and they even say that it isn’t very ladylike! Lady Catherine De Bourgh who is very high in class asks Elizabeth if she wants to come to London with her, and Elizabeth says no. â€Å"You are all kindness, Madam; but I believe we must abide by our original plan. † Pg. 175 In ‘The Merchant of Venice’ Shylock is very strong minded and is singled out of the play because he is a mean Jew that charges interest. Shylock is very stubborn and determined to keep to his bond; a pound of flesh of Antonio. â€Å"’If every ducat in six thousand ducats, Were in six parts, and every part a ducat, I would not draw them; I would have my bond’† Pg. 9 This is from the scene when the trail takes place. This is when Bassanio offers Shylock 6 thousand ducats, but Bassanio fails as Shylock is determined to take a pound of flesh from Antonio no matter how many ducats Bassanio offers. Shakespeare presents Shylock as a horrid Jew so the story becomes interesting and that there is conflict between the Jew and the Chr istians. In addition Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings through the narrator in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and asides is ‘The Merchant of Venice’. This is a great way of showing feelings. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ the narrator is one of the main ways of showing feelings:- â€Å"The contents of the letter threw Elizabeth into a flutter of spirits† The narrator has been very successful putting an image into our heads of Elizabeth being thrown into a state or turmoil, having read her aunts letter in which she said how much she liked Mr Darcy. In ‘The Merchant of Venice’ asides are used as it is a play, so there can’t be a narrator. Asides are where the character is talking to the audience and the other characters on the stage can’t hear:- â€Å"[Aside] how like a fawning publican he looks! I hate him for he is a Christian† pg. 13 From this aside you can tell that Shylock has very strong feelings of hatred for Bassanio. In this scene the only people on stage are Shylock and Bassanio, so an aside is the perfect to show how Shylock is feeling without Bassanio knowing. In ‘The Merchant of Venice’ Shakespeare uses repeated phrases to make an impact of strong feelings:- â€Å"My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! My ducats and my Daughter! † pg. 40 This is when Solanio is mocking Shylock when he realises that his daughter has eloped with a Christian. From these repeated phrases the audience can see that Solanio is emphasising Shylocks utter despair for his ducats and his daughter. Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings through prejudice. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ there is prejudice against woman and people without lots of money. In ‘Pride and Prejudie’ woman only existed to be married off. Unless there family’s had lots of money this was very difficult and they would be at the mercy of men who might take pity of them or who had no chance of marrying well themselves. â€Å"She is luckily too poor to be an object of prey to anybody† pg. 92 This quote shows prejudice. Mr Bennet and Elizabeth are talking about Lydia’s trip Brighton, Elizabeth is worried that she will marry the wrong man, but Mr Bennet isn’t too worried as Lydia is too poor so no man will take interest in her. In ‘The Merchant of Venice’ the Christians are prejudice against the Jews. All the Christians hate them just because they aren’t Christians, they are only tolerated because they are good business people and money lenders. When they go out of the ghetto they have to where reds barets so everyone could see that they are Jews and so they stand out. Shakespeare presents strong feelings. There are many times that Antonio calls him a dog. This shows that Shakespeare also uses repeated phrases to make a big impact to the audience:- â€Å"You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine† pg. 15 This shows how Antonio despises the Jews, and this is what prejudice is. Jane Austen’s novel, ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and Shakespeare play, ‘The Merchant of Venice’ where written in two completely different time periods. ‘The Merchant of Venice’ was written in 1596, because it is so late in history the language that Shakespeare uses is very old and different from other plays. In 1596, many people could not read so a play was very useful. The audience for ‘The Merchant of Venice’ would manly be suited for the older generation. ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was written in 1813, many more people could read in 1813 so an interesting novel was well suited. The novel was aimed at readers like characters in the novel. Both Jane Austen and Shakespeare wrote many stories that people still read today. Another way that Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings is through the behaviour of the characters. From showing strong feeling through behaviour the reader or audience can clearly see what the characters feeling for whatever the emotion is. In ‘Pride and Prejudice’ the behaviour of the characters is very important as we can see what they are feeling:- â€Å"Oh my dear Eliza! Pray make haste and come into the dining room, for there is such a sight to be seen! † pg. 132 From this quote you can clearly see that Maria, Charlotte’s sister, is incredibly excited that Lady Catherine has arrived at her house, but she makes a mistake, it’s only Mrs Jenkinson. Jane Austen presents strong feeling in this quote of excitement and anticipation. In ‘The Merchant of Venice’ there is many strong feelings presents by Shakespeare through behaviour. Shakespeare presents these strong feelings through behaviour so the audience can see what the character is feeling. â€Å"O noble judge, O excellent young man! † pg. 76 This is when Portia, disguised as the judge says Shylock can have his bond; a pound of flesh of Antonio. Shakespeare present Shylock very excited and happy through his behaviour and the tone of voice that Shakespeare makes Shylock use. Furthermore, Jane Austen and Shakespeare present strong feelings in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘The Merchant of Venice’ through points of great intensity. This is a great way that the reader and audience can see strong feeling and great intensity! Elizabeth finds out that Darcy has been instrumental in getting her sister and Bingley together, which makes her very happy. After rumours of a forthcoming engagement between Darcy and Elizabeth start to surface before Darcy has even proposed, Elizabeth is more than a little anxious when she and Darcy take a walk together. Elizabeth’s feelings towards Darcy have completely changes since his first proposal, the two are now both in love with each other, by Darcy is not sure of this and says: – â€Å"If your feelings are still what they were last April, tell me so at once† pg. 303 This moment is a moment of great intensity for the reader as you are not sure that Elizabeth is going to say! The reader can become very anxious for Darcy and Elizabeth. Jane Austen shows feelings through this scene because it is a very good way for the reader to become a part of the book.

Il y a - French Pronunciation and Meaning

Expression: Il y aPronunciation: [ee lya]Meaning: there is, there areLiteral translation: it has thereRegister: normal How to Use Il y a in French Notes: The French expression il y a, which can mean there is or there are, is one of the most important expressions in the French language. It is most commonly followed by an indefinite article noun, a number noun, or an indefinite pronoun. Il y a un chaton dans cette tasse.Theres a kitten in this cup.Il y a des enfants là  -bas.There are some kids over there.Il y a deux choses à   faire.There are two things to do.Il y a quelquun à   la porte.Theres someone at the door.Il y a may be followed by a period of time to mean ago (not to be confused with depuis):Jai vu le film il y a trois semaines.I saw the movie three weeks ago.Il y a 2 ans que nous sommes partis.We left two years ago.To ask a question with il y a, you can either use est-ce que or inversion.Est-ce quil y a un chaton ?Is there a kitten?Est-ce quil y a des enfants ?Are there any kids ?For inversion, place y first, then invert il and a and place -t- between them (why?):Y a-t-il un chaton ?Is there a kitten?Y a-t-il des enfants ?Are there any kids? Il y a can also be used with interrogative words: Pourquoi est-ce quil y a un chat dans mon lit  ?Why is there a cat in my bed?Combien denfants y a-t-il ?How many kids are there?Quest-ce quil y a  ? and Quy a-t-il  ?  mean Whats wrong? Note:  The only correct inversion spelling is y a-t-il, with exactly two hyphens and no apostrophes. Please avoid y-a-t-il, y-a-til , y a-til , y a-til, y a til, etc. To use il y a in a negative construction, place n (why not ne?) in front of y and pas after a. Remember that the indefinite article must change to de due to the negative construction: Il ny a pas de chaton dans cette tasse.There is no kitten in that cup.Il ny a pas denfants là  -bas.There arent any kids over there. Il y a is made up of three words1) il - the subject it2) y - the adverbial pronoun there3) a - the third person singular present tense of avoir - to have To use il y a in another tense, simply conjugate avoir into that tense:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y avait un chaton...There was a kitten...Il y aura des chatons...There will be some kittens...Il ny a pas eu de chaton...There was no kitten...

The Crucible By Arther Miller - 847 Words

Rationale-Word Count-222 The Crucible is a play written by Arther Miller in 1953. The play revolves around the witch hunt that occurred in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692. The trial at the end of Act III is the climax of the play and determines the fate of the major protagonists. My Written Assignment is an alternative scene at the end of Act III at the Salem meeting house when Proctor is being trailed. The aim of this task is to show that even if Elizabeth admits to Proctor’s act of committing adultery, the outcome of Proctors death would not change. This is to demonstrate the inevitability of tragedy due to the arbitrary nature of the theocratic court and the cunningness of Abigail. In order to adhere to the style of a pastiche, Arthur Miller’s literary style will be employed. I will adopt simple vernacular and old-fashioned grammar and vocabulary appropriate to its time period(1692). Moreover, I will adhere to the personalities and state of mind of the characters through the use of dialogues and stage directions. For example, Abigail’s state of mind changes significantly throughout the task. Her desperation is portrayed through the use of hyphens to indicate stuttering. Similarly, Proctor’s hopelessness is shown through the use of a long monologue with a series of questions and exclamations to show his utter disappointment. Written Assignment The vestry room of the Salem meeting house, now serving as the anteroom of the General Court DANFORTH: reaches out and holdsShow MoreRelatedMcCarthyism and Documents of History1422 Words   |  6 Pagestactics. Lastly, well be giving a comparison of three documents, one being Lillian Millers letter, deriving what the words and statements signify and how they characterize the times of McCarthyism. At the outset, well be exploring a segment of Arther Millers reflection of McCarthyism times, who himself was called before HUAC in 1956, from document 24.10 and converses as follows,â€Å"... Part of the surreality of the anti-left sweep was that it picked up people for disgrace who had already turnedRead MoreCost Accounting134556 Words   |  539 Pagesadministration. Management should look at these areas carefully and decide whether this unused capacity is necessary.  © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1997 278 Cost Accounting, 5/e 9–28. (30 min.) Resources used vs. resources supplied: Arther Consultants Resources Used Energy ........................... Human resources .......... Customer service .......... Long-term labor............. Administrative................ $ 32,520 ($6 Ãâ€" 5,420) $ 30,000 ($1,000 Ãâ€" 30) $ 5,500 ($20 Ãâ€" 275) $450

Denying Global Warming - 1265 Words

Brian Sussman and Mark Hendrickson both deny global warming is due to the fact that human are polluting the earth with emissions and other waste products. They both agree that the climate around the globe is changing, but they both say that it is a natural occurrence. Mark Hendrickson and Brian Sussman both made great arguments against manmade global warming, but I am still a little undecided as to which side of the fence I am standing on. Beginning with Mark Hendrickson’s argument, he recognizes that the climate is changing. He wrote in his article â€Å"Climate Change-Hoax or Crime of the Century† that the Earth has emerged from a Little Ice Age not that long ago, and it would be worrisome if the climate around the globe was not warming†¦show more content†¦Other alternatives need to be developed, it would just be another obstacle we are going to have to figure out. In Brian Sussman’s argument against man made global warming, he says that CO2 is not as dangerous to our atmosphere as scientists say. I agree, we need CO2 to live, which is fact. However, at the rate humans are pumping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere it is offsetting the balance. The plants, trees, and oceans cannot keep up, and cannot absorb the amount of CO2 we releasing into the atmosphere. This disrupted balance in the environment makes the CO2 dangerous. Going back to the Vostok (Antarctica) Ice Core Record, as CO2 levels rose, so did the global temperature. Another point Brian Sussman made was, since the little Ice Age global temperatures have risen only one degree and most of that occurred before 1940. According to data from NASA’s temperature record, the surface temperature on earth has increased since 1880 and leveled off between the 1940s and the 1970s. That would make sense, because the industrial revolution began around the 1880s. 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Grand Strategy of Popular Holding Free Essays

Grand Strategy of Popular Holding POPULAR use growth strategy that involves expansion in sales revenues, number of customers, number of employees to accomplish the holding’s mission. POPULAR is making fast and extensive inroads into the Greater China market, especially in China and Taiwan. Their business activities cover many major cities and provinces in China such as Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Taipei. We will write a custom essay sample on Grand Strategy of Popular Holding or any similar topic only for you Order Now POPULAR also grow their business in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Canada. POPULAR has the network, content and the platform to grow their business and expand into new products, markets and businesses. The three main core businesses which are retail distribution, publishing, and e-learning enable popular has become an established household name in book and stationary retailing. Publishing is a complementary business that acquired by POPULAR which is one of the growth strategies. POPULAR is gradually being recognized as an essential element in the book and publishing world in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong and Taiwan. In publishing, POPULAR publish text book, supplementary book or general book. In year 2006, POPULAR introduced HARRIS Bookstore which is a new brand that focus on English books. POPULAR are planning and introducing a new series of English children readers, titled ROBIN with i-pen readability and published by POPULAR UK Pte Limited. POPULAR also strive to transform themselves from a regional publisher to an international publishing group. Through POPULAR Canada, its Math Smart series has introduced into the United States. At the same time, they are looking closely at the UK market for potential business opportunities. In Hong Kong, most of the syllabuses for primary school are changed, except for the subject Putonghua. To consolidate leadership of position in the pre-primary textbook market, POPULAR adopt two sets of textbooks in September 2007 school year. Pan Llotds Publisher Limited specializing in supplementary books in Hong Kong. Since Hong Kong students have to prepare for two assessment tests, Pan Lloyds respond to this market need by launching two assessment series, namely HKAT Mock Intensive Practices Series and TSA Mock Assorted Practice Series. In Singapore, Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd is the top assessment publisher with emphasis on primary school titles. They are beginning to publish more secondary titles. In Malaysia, EPH Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd. , is gearing up to double the supplementary titles to be published for year 2008. To strengthen the publishing and retail distribution divisions, POPULAR plan to publish more visually attractive full-color books, such as picture dictionaries, for toddlers and pre-primary school market. In expanding publishing activities, POPULAR synergize it with e-leaning business and retail distribution business. Armed with their vast content library and publishing resources, publishing support the retail distribution, as well as the e-learning business by providing them with relevant, unique and excellent contents with highly scalable contents. POPULAR aim to be the most innovative publisher of bilingual books. In retail distribution, POPULAR introduce POPULAR membership card and give a lot of promotion to attract more buyers so that the sales revenue and number of customers can be expanded. Members can enjoy 20%* discount on POPULAR Choice POPULAR Recommendation titles; 10% discount on all regular-priced merchandise at all POPULAR bookstore in Malaysia, Hong Kong and Singapore, and HARRIS Bookstores as well as CD-RAMA Department in Malaysia only; and 5% discount off of school and tertiary textbooks. Members can get discount at POPULAR connection as well. POPULAR connection is a reward program designed for members to enjoy discount and privileges at participating merchants’ stores such as Bossini (apparel), Icekimo (food), Norman (IT), Sunway Hotel (leisure), Optic Point (optical) and so forth. POP CLUB Magazine launched in year 2003. POPULAR will give POP CLUB magazine to for POPULAR Card Members and walk-in customers. With outlets peppered throughout Malaysia, vouchers can be redeem. POPULAR Gift Voucher is available in denomination of RM5, RM10 and RM50. To increase more sales revenue and number of customers, POPULAR also always organize many activities such as book fair, talk session, sharing session and so on. In june 2007, POPULAR opened POPULAR@MegaBox, the largest single floor bookstore in Hong Kong to propel the awareness of POPULAR in Hong Kong’s retail book scene. Besides that, Popular also co-operate with Sin Chew Media Corporation and MCA Life Long Learning Secretariat to organize BookFest@Malaysia. BookFest@Malaysia is an annual mega event that has grown to be one of the region’s largest international book fairs, since its inception in 2006. The inaugural BookFest @ Malaysia which commenced in 2006 witnessed 320,000 visitors. It welcomed an overwhelming crowd which passed that benchmark and exceeded 400,000 visitors in the following year. In 2008, the annual event had proven to be yet another successful exposition with figures close to half a million. In Kuala Lumpur, POPULAR successfully staged BookFest@Malaysia 2007, in May 2007. In year 2008, there are more activities are carried out in the BookFest. Some of the special highlights for last year BookFest were: Olympics Exhibition, 11 overseas authors’ appearance, music performances by Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra, Readers’ Choice Award Presentation Ceremony, Book Recycling Campaign, Calligraphy Competition and many more. In Singapore, popular staged BookFest@Singapore 2007 in December 2007. They are looking at opportunities to introduce popular’s version of BookFest to other cities in East Asia, particularly in Taiwan, which is second to mainland China in Chinese book publishing and sale. The e-learning business and prospect have gradually changed. Education is relying more and more on the use of IT for teaching and learning. Nowadays, users are more focused on how the evolving technology can improve their learning and education. POPULAR take this advantage to expand its operation. The Group’s e-learning business has grasped this opportunity to work closely with our retail distribution and publishing, to provide direct value-add services to its products, like the i-pen function in our successful in-house brand, ROBIN Readers. The e-learning division continues to play an important strategic role in the Group by providing our publishing business with the advanced digital publishing technologies. POPULAR expand its business by establishing CD-RAMA and One-2-Buy. CD-RAMA retail various type of music, movie, drama in form of CD, VCD and DVD. One-2-Buy retail daily essentials ranging from personal care products, toiletries to light food stuff. POPULAR no longer a mere bookshop but a multi-purpose shop whereby customers can now shop for daily essentials and entertainment products. To expand the number of employees, POPULAR provide many benefits to the employees. Employees only have to work five days per week. Training and career advancement opportunities are given to the employees. Transport, laundry, attendance allowances and uniforms will be provided. Employees can enjoy 15% discount with any purchase in POPULAR. POPULAR is entering into a new business segment through a new subsidiary; POPULAR Land Pte Ltd. POPULAR Land Pte Ltd has purchased two residential properties which are 1 Robin Road and 18 Shelford Road for development of up-market residential units. They are also looking into commercial property business opportunities as well as for the potential future self-use. With using the strategies that mentioned above, POPULAR has ranked fifth in the Fastest Growing Singapore Brands’ category of The Singapore Brand Award 2006 organized by International Enterprise Singapore. POPULAR also has some 200 strategic alliance bookshops in the region. It is recognized and listed by the Malaysian Book of Records, as the largest bookstore chain in Malaysia. During the 9 months ended 31 January 2009, the Group turnover grew from $341. 8m for the same period of last year to $349. 4m representing an increase of 2. 3% whilst the Group profit before tax (â€Å"PBT†) decreased by 20. 0% from $24. 1m for the same period of last year to $19. 3m for the current financial period ended 31 January 2009. The Group has generated positive cash flow of $10. 8m from its operating activities and a net increase of $26. 2m, which includes gross proceeds of $19. m recently raised from the Rights Issue. POPULAR’s turnover increased 9. 2% from S$398. 2 million to S$435. 0 million because of the opening of new retail outlets. Operating profits of the publishing and e-learning segments were the key contributors to an increase in Group profit – boosted largely by higher margins of the reprinted titles and the growth in supplementary book sales – the Group’s profit after tax rose 18. 3% from S$11. 3 million to S$13. 4 million. Based on the latest Financial Year results, POPULAR’s earnings per share increased from 2. 58 Singapore cents to 2. 99 Singapore cents. How to cite Grand Strategy of Popular Holding, Papers

Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty. Do Customer Satisfaction and Customer Trust Really Serve as Intervening Variables? Answer: The purpose of the paper is to reflect the study of the article related to the Relationship Marketing. Relationship marketing is a approach that is intended to raise the customer loyalty, contact and long-term engagement. It is intended in such a way to develop sturdy connections with the clients by offering them the data directly that suits to the requirements and interest by promoting the open communication system (Zhang, Watson IV, Palmatier Dant, 2016). The article that has been selected reflects the description related to the relationship marketing and customer loyalty in retail banks. The study shows that the customer trust and loyalty get affected due to the customer-relationship-centered marketing tactics. This is the fact that the customer trust and loyalty is the most important element of the retail banking and these retail banks make use of the relationship marketing to form the good customer loyalty that leads to the growth of the business. The article shows the significance of the marketing client retention, loyalty, market economies and the client relationship financial prudence for the banking sector after the globalization. This issue affects the company and the conditions of the banks forced them to bring the changes in their way of doing the marketing and they shift from managing the big pool to specific clients. This helps in creating the strong relationship with the customers (Mulyaningsih and Daly, 2011). The journal article related to the relationship marketing shows the importance of the relationship marketing for Indonesia banking sector to strive gaining a competitive benefit to enhance the quality of services and improvement in the system. The bank of Indonesia has the largest asset base with the domestic economy due to which they need to be focused towards the customer expectations related to the services. As per the report of the client loyalty in retail banking the customers of Indonesian banking consumers are second top switchers due to its relationship with the banks (Bain, 2013). This shows that their loyalty varies according to the services offered by the company. Report of banking competition recommends to the banks in Indonesia to change the way they attract their customers in the year 2013. Along with this, with the emergence of the competition in the industry banks have considered the association as the support of their business activities and marketing (MarkPlus Insight, 2013). Relationship marketing creates the impact on the profitability of the banks. Moreover, the concept of relationship marketing and customer loyalty is described in the article as both the terms are interconnected to each other and also plays a vital role for the companies who want to survive in the competitive world. Therefore, the banks make use of the marketing strategies to retain the customers who can provide them a high amount of profit. In the banking sector, the key responsibility of the managers is to generate and improve the client loyalty if they are willing to maintain customer loyalty with profit. The article reflects the hypothesize association among the relationship marketing and the client loyalty such as Hypothesis 1- Relationship Marketing and Customer Satisfaction, Hypothesis 2- Relationship Marketing and Customer Trust, Hypothesis 3- Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust and Customer Loyalty, Hypothesis 4- Customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty and Hypothesis 5- Customer trust affects customer loyalty. Hypothesis 1- The author presented this opinion that there are three keystones of relationship marketing include planning and regulatory of client satisfaction, management of customer value and maintaining and building stable relationships. The satisfaction of the customer is totally dependent on the value that is expected by the customer and value that is offered to the customer (Bagherzad, Chavosh and Hosseinikhah, 2011). Due to this, the bank makes use of the related programs that helps the company in enhancing the flow of statistics among the service provider and clients as this is the only way to make the relationship strong. Hypothesis 2- In the banking sector trust of the company is well-defined as the consumer confidence in the reliability and quality of services presented by the company. To form the effective and strong relationship there is need of trust. The article shows that the banks make use of the relationship marketing but in that also the customer need to trust on the words of the managers. Hypothesis 3- Customer satisfaction is essential to retain the customer and to make that customer a loyal customer. Along with this, the customers who trust banks will not likely to switch to competitors. Relationship management is an effective way, through which the company will be able to form customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty (Rizan, Warokka and Listyawati, 2014). Hypothesis 4- According to the study of the author given in the article, a maximum number of customers of banks has faith in their financial institution which is essential for getting the worth for money. This shows that when the customer gets satisfied then they trust the company which shows their loyalty towards the company. Hypothesis 5- All the hypothesis aspects are interrelated to each other which shows that it is essential for banks to make use of the relationship marketing strategies because this is the way through which they can attain the maximum profit for their company. (Research Model of Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty) The article also describes the methodology and the Research model for the relationship management and client loyalty. The three dimensions are adapted to measure the marketing relationship tactics which are preferential treatment, tangible rewards, and interpersonal communication. Along with this, to measure the customer loyalty there is the use of the four dimensions which include product quality, service quality, price and situational factors (Yen, Liu and Chao, 2009). Moreover, the article also reflects the different dimensions that are used to analyze the customer trust and satisfaction. All these measures are essential to be conducted by the bank for the further changes in the relationship marketing. The article shows the use of the SEM (Structural Equation Model) for the examining the hypotheses. Considering the examining hypotheses there is a discussion of research results and discussions as this is the effective way through which the banks can easily understand the relational marketing tactics that might affect the customer trust and satisfaction. The result shows that the bank is able to increase the customer trust. Through, this customer trust the bank will be able to face a strong competition. The article reflects the argument on banks profitability, growth and market share. Along with this, to increase a strategic advantage and live in todays increasingly competitive environment the banks should bring new innovation in relational marketing strategies to get belief from its customers (Rizan, Warokka and Listyawati, 2014). Overall, the article inspects the relationship of relational marketing strategies along with the consumer loyalty in retail banks. Nowadays, it is vital for the banks to make use of the effective and appropriate technology to analyze the customer data and to communicate them effective details. Along with this, the implementation of the smart system will help the banks in generating marketplace news on the client monetary performance and the new ventures that help the banks in generating the new solutions which result in profit for the banks. The articles also reflect the recommendation for the retail banks as the banks should root the customer relationship which is the only way to generate the competitive advantage in this competitive market. There are many banks who work systematically with the help of which they are able to convert customers into advocates. The growth strategies of these banks are the customer loyalty. The banks should build the employee engagement in the workplace which makes the positive changes in the environment of the bank and this will also improve the communication channel for the customers which enhance customer satisfaction. The bank needs to motivate their employees towards the employee engagement and to bring improvement in their performance (Ndubisi, Chan and Gibson, 2007). The article reflects that the retail banks should always take the feedback from the customers and should make the changes in the service according to their feedback. Moreover, positive customer feedback for the bank will inspire the bank and motivate them to introduce new services to their customers References Bagherzad, A, Chavosh, A. Hosseinikhah, S. (2011). The Influence of Relationship Marketing Tactics on Customers Loyalty in B2C Relationship The Role of Communication and Personalization. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 5(31), 49-56. Bain Co. Inc. (2013). Customer Loyalty in Retail Banking: Global Edition. Boston: Bain Co. Inc. MarkPlus Insight. (2013). Banking Competition in 2013: In the time of Regulatory Transition. Jakarta: MarkPlus Consulting. Mulyaningsih, T. Daly, A. (2011). Competitive Conditions in Banking Industry: An Empirical Analysis of the Consolidation, Competition and Concentration in the Indonesia Banking Industry between 2001 and 2009. Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 14(2), 141-176. Ndubisi, NO., Chan, KW. Gibson, CN. (2007). Supplier-Customer Relationship Management and Customer Loyalty: The Banking Industry Perspective. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 20(2):222-236 Rizan, M., Warokka, A. Listyawati, D. (2014). Relationship Marketing and Customer Loyalty: Do Customer Satisfaction and Customer Trust Really Serve as Intervening Variables? ", Journal of Marketing Research and Case Studies, 2014(2014), Article ID 724178, 12. Yen, TF., Liu, HJ., Chao, LT. (2009). Managing Relationship Efforts to Influence Staff Relationships in Services. Journal of Marketing Research, 45 (6), 741- 756. Zhang, J. Z., Watson IV, G. F., Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P. (2016). Dynamic relationship marketing.Journal of Marketing,80(5), 53-75.